Brock Family History

John Henry Frith

1834 – 1892
✓ Validated against records · 2026-07-03

John Henry Frith was baptised at St James', Great Grimsby, on the 25th of March 1834, the fifth of the eight children of David Frith, a stone mason, and his wife Jane, née Swaine. His father died in 1847, when John Henry was thirteen, and his widowed mother did a remarkable thing: she took the family across the Humber to Hull, and by 1851 was keeping an inn at 21 Salthouse Lane — a servant in the house and lodgers under her roof — while John, at seventeen, had his trade: bricklayer, as his father had worked in stone.

In June 1854, at Holy Trinity, he married Mary Ann Wood, a truckman's daughter of seventeen from the same street — Finkle Street — as himself; the certificate the family holds shows him signing his name in full and Mary Ann making her mark. They settled in Anne Street and five children came in eleven years, Samuel David the second of them. Then, in July 1866, Mary Ann died at home of phthisis — consumption — a month's illness, thirty years old. The certificate carries the plainest line on this page: the informant was "J H Frith, present at the death". Samuel was nine.

A year on he married again at St Mary's, Lowgate: Mary Elizabeth Kirby, twenty-four, of Duke Street. Janet's research recovered what the parish knew and the family did not say: in the census of 1861 Mary Elizabeth appears at nineteen, unmarried, a three-year-old daughter Martha beside her, and in the occupation column the one bleak word the age reserved for such women — "Unfortunate". John Henry married her, signed the register while she made her mark, and by the next census Martha is entered simply as his daughter. The record keeps his rough edges too — the Hull Packet of New Year's Day 1869 has him fined a shilling for being drunk and disorderly on a Sunday morning — and then its second grief: Mary Elizabeth died in November 1879, aged thirty-six, of bronchitis, her daughter Martha the informant, and was buried at Hedon Road under the stone of the Smiter family Martha had married into.

Twice widowed at forty-five, he slips towards the record's edge: possibly the Henry Frith lodging in Weal Street in 1891; certainly the John Henry Frith who died on the 5th of July 1892, aged fifty-eight, in the Hull workhouse on Anlaby Road — whose infirmary, by the 1890s, was where the town's poor were nursed at the last. His name did not end there. His son Samuel — the fruiterer who led the dockers' union — called his own firstborn George Henry, and his grandson Samuel fell at Oppy; the bricklayer's line runs straight down this family to its present.

Composed from validated records · 2026-07-03
Baptism
March 25th 1834 St. James, Grimsby, Lincolnshire
Marriage
1. June 5th1854 to Mary Ann Wood, Holy Trinity Church, Hull 2. July 28th 1867 to Mary Elizabeth Kirby, St. Mary's Church, Hull
Death
July 5th 1892 aged 58 years, Hull
Parents
David Frith and Jane Swaine
Siblings
Elizabeth Frith Swane baptised July 22nd 1826, St James Grimsby Frances Frith baptised March 3rd 1828, St. James, Grimsby Charles Frith baptised December 6th 1829, St James, Grimsby Sarah Ann Frith baptised January 24th 1832, St. James, Grimsby John Henry Frith baptised March 25th 1834, Grimsby Mary Frith born 1836 Grimsby Maria Frith born 1838, Grimsby David Frith born 1840 Grimsby
Children
James Frith baptised June 24th 1855, Holy Trinity, Hull, died 1888 Samuel David Frith baptised March 1st 1857, Holy Trinity, Hull Ann Elizabeth Frith baptised November 3rd 1858, St. Mary's, Hull died 1858 Hannah Frith born 1864 died 1916 Caroline Frith born September 1865, baptised November 21st 1866, died 1866
1841c
Living in Great Grimsby David Frith 1809 born Lincolnshire Jane Frith 1808 born Lincolnshire Francis Frith 1828 born Lincolnshire Charles Frith 1830 born Lincolnshire Sarah Frith 1832 born Lincolnshire John Frith 1834 born Lincolnshire Mary Frith 1836 born Lincolnshire Maria Frith 1838 born Lincolnshire David Frith 1840 born Lincolnshire Address: Silver Street, Bradley Haverstoe, Grimsby Occupation of father: Stone Mason
1847
Death of father, David Frith
1847-1851
Jane Frith moves the family to Hull
1851c
Living in the parish of St Mary, Hull Jane Frith, Head, 1809 born Grimsby John Frith Son, 1834 born Grimsby Mary Frith, Daughter, 1835, born Grimsby Maria Frith, Daughter, 1838, born Grimsby David Frith, Son, 1842, born Grimsby Betsey Harland, born 1830, Burlington, Servant Thomas Jessop, born 1809, Grimsby, Lodger, Brewer Thomas Johnson, born 1826, Hull, Lodger, Labourer Address; 21 Salthouse Lane, Hull Occupation of mother : Innkeeper Occupation of John Frith: Bricklayer
1854
Marries Mary Ann Wood in Holy Trinity Church, Hull John Henry Frith of full age, Bachelor , Bricklayer, and Mary Ann Wood, Minor, Spinster both of Finkle Street were married after banns, on the day of June, 1854 in the presence of James Graham Wood and Elizabeth Green Kirby Fathers: The late David Frith, Mason ;Samuel Wood, Truckman
1861c
Living in the parish of St. Mary, Hull John Henry Frith, Head, born 1834 Grimsby Mary A Frith Wife, born 1837, Hull Samuel David Frith Son, born 1857, Hull Ann E Frith, Daughter, born 1859, Hull Address: 1 Anne Street, Hull Occupation: Bricklayer
1866
July 1866 death of Mary Ann aged 30 years from Phthisis (PR)
1867
Marriage of John Henry Frith to Mary E. Kirby at St. Mary's Hull John Henry Frith, aged 34, Widower, Bricklayer of 1, Anne Street and Mary Elizabeth Kirby, aged 24, Spinster, of 3 Duke Street, were married after banns on July 28th 1867 in the presence of William Mother (?) and Ann Potters Fathers: David Frith, Stonemason deceased and Richard Kirby, Labourer
1869
Hull Police Courts 'John H Frith charged with being drunk and disorderly on Sunday morning was fined 1s and costs' January 1st 1869 Hull Packet
1871c
Living in the parish of Holy Trinity, Hull, indexed as Firth Henry Frith, Head, born 1833 Gt. Grimsby Elizabeth Frith, Wife, born 1842, Hull Martha Frith*, Daughter, born 1858, Hull Hannah Frith, Daughter, born 1865, Hull Address: 23 Dagger Lane, Hull Occupation of Henry Frith: Bricklayer Martha Frith* was the daughter of Elizabeth Kirby 1861c: Living in Duke Street Elizabeth Kirby, aged 19, Unmarried, born Hull, Unfortunate Martha Kirby, aged 3, Daughter, born Hull
1879
Death of Mary Elizabeth Frith aged 36 years Memorial Inscription Hedon Road Cemetery In loving remembrance of Jane Smiter died 4th June 1878 aged 59 years. Also James Smiter, husband of the above who died July 13th 1884 aged 73 years. Also of Mary Elizabeth Frith died November 7th 1879 aged 36 years PRO 1879 November 9th Mary Elizabeth Frith wife of John H. Frith Bricklayer Wharren Road, Adelaide Street, 37, Bronchitis, Informant Martha Smiter NB Thomas J. Smiter married Martha Kirby in 1878. Martha was the daughter of Mary Elizabeth Frith formerly Kirby
1891c
Possible Henry Frith, aged 60 born 1831, Hull, lodger at 18 Weal Street, Hull
1892
John Henry Frith dies in Hull aged 58 years at the Hull Workhouse, Anlaby Road, Hull
In your grandmother’s words · from her notebook

Family

Parents

The children of David & Jane

· · · · John Henry Frith b. 1834this page · · ·

The children of William Jenkins & Jane

Marriages

MWSpouseMary Ann Wood1837–1866

The children of John Henry & Mary Ann

SFChild · the line continuesSamuel David Frithmain line1857–1929

The children of John Henry & Mary Elizabeth Kirby

Life

Confirmed — anchored to a recordEstimated — inferred
1834

Baptised

25 March 1834 at Grimsby

John Henry Frith — baptised the 25th of March 1834, St James', Grimsby, Lincolnshire; son of David and Jane Frith.— Baptism — St James', Great Grimsby (1834)
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research, cited — not yet re-verified at the image:
  • Baptism — St James', Great Grimsby (1834) — Janet's record from the parish registers. The online Lincolnshire index covers St James' but thins in the 1830s — his siblings Elizabeth (1826, mother indexed as Jane Swaine) and Charles (1829) appear; John Henry does not — and the FamilySearch cross-check awaits their search service. The register is at North East Lincolnshire Archives. from Mum’s research
1841

Silver Street, Grimsby — the stonemason's family

1841

Living in Great Grimsby David Frith 1809 born Lincolnshire Jane Frith 1808 born Lincolnshire Francis Frith 1828 born Lincolnshire Charles Frith 1830 born Lincolnshire Sarah Frith 1832 born Lincolnshire John Frith 1834 born Lincolnshire Mary Frith 1836 born Lincolnshire Maria Frith 1838 born Lincolnshire David Frith 1840 born Lincolnshire Address: Silver Street, Bradley Haverstoe, Grimsby Occupation of father: Stone Mason

— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1847

His father dies — John Henry is thirteen

1847

Death of father, David Frith— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1847

The widow takes the family over the Humber

1847

Jane Frith moves the family to Hull— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1851

21 Salthouse Lane — his mother keeps an inn

1851

Living in the parish of St Mary, Hull Jane Frith, Head, 1809 born Grimsby John Frith Son, 1834 born Grimsby Mary Frith, Daughter, 1835, born Grimsby Maria Frith, Daughter, 1838, born Grimsby David Frith, Son, 1842, born Grimsby Betsey Harland, born 1830, Burlington, Servant Thomas Jessop, born 1809, Grimsby, Lodger, Brewer Thomas Johnson, born 1826, Hull, Lodger, Labourer Address; 21 Salthouse Lane, Hull Occupation of mother : Innkeeper Occupation of John Frith: Bricklayer

— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1854

Married

5 June 1854

1854. Marriage solemnized at Hull, in the Parish of Holy Trinity, in the County of the said Town — No. 209,

June 5th: John Henry Frith, [of] full [age], bachelor, bricklayer, Finkle Street, father the late David Frith, mason; and Mary Ann Wood, minor, spinster, Finkle Street, father Samuel Wood, truck man. Married in the Parish Church after banns, by me, Joseph Bates, Curate. This marriage was solemnized between us: John Henry Frith; Mary Ann Wood, her ✕ mark — in the presence of: James Graham Wood; Elizabeth Green Kirby.

— Marriage certificate — Holy Trinity, Hull (1854)
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research, cited — not yet re-verified at the image:
  • Marriage certificate — Holy Trinity, Hull (1854) — Certified copy of the marriage entry (General Register Office, AB 411363), ordered by Janet in September 2007; her photograph of it is shown here. He signed; his bride made her mark. "Full age" flattered him by a year — he was twenty, baptised March 1834 — the same year-ahead habit that follows his son and grandson through the records. Note the second witness: an Elizabeth Green Kirby, at his first wedding, thirteen years before he married a Kirby. from Mum’s research
1861

1 Anne Street — bricklayer

1861

Living in the parish of St. Mary, Hull John Henry Frith, Head, born 1834 Grimsby Mary A Frith Wife, born 1837, Hull Samuel David Frith Son, born 1857, Hull Ann E Frith, Daughter, born 1859, Hull Address: 1 Anne Street, Hull Occupation: Bricklayer— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1866

Mary Ann dies at thirty — phthisis

1866

Mary Ann Frith, female, 30 years, wife of John Henry Frith, bricklayer — died the twentieth of July 1866, Anne Street; cause of death: phthisis, 1 month, certified. Informant: J H Frith, present at the death, Anne Street, Hull. Registered the twenty-fourth of July 1866.— Mary Ann's death certificate (1866)
The record image is with the family — family sign-in
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research, cited — not yet re-verified at the image:
  • Mary Ann's death certificate (1866) — Certified copy of the death entry (General Register Office, FD 345481), ordered by Janet; her photograph of it is shown here. Registration district Hull, sub-district Saint Mary, entry 490. Caroline, the baby of the family, was ten months old; she followed her mother within the year. from Mum’s research
1866

Phthisis — the white plague

The word on Mary Ann's certificate, phthisis, was the doctors' name for pulmonary tuberculosis — consumption — and no disease of the age killed more adults in the prime of life. It spread where people lived close and worked hard, which is to say in streets exactly like Anne Street, and it usually killed slowly, over months or years of wasting; the certificate's "1 month, certified" marks the swifter form the century called galloping consumption. It was a death endured at home, nursed by the family — which is why the informant's line, "present at the death", says what it says. There was no cure and would be none for another eighty years; a working family could only watch, and afterwards a widowed bricklayer with five children — the youngest ten months old — had to remake a household, which is what the next entry on this page records.

Historical context Evidence
Background composed for this site from published history. It frames the family’s world; it is not one of Mum’s records.
1867

Married Mary Elizabeth Kirby

28 July 1867

No. 209.

July 28th, 1867 — Marriage solemnized at the Parish Church in the Parish of St Mary in the County of Hull: John Henry Frith, 34, widower, bricklayer, 1 Anne Street, father David Frith (deceased), stone mason; and Mary Elizabeth Kirby, 24, spinster, 3 Duke Street, father Richard Kirby, labourer. Married in the Parish Church after banns, by me, Wm. Brooks, M.A., Curate. This marriage was solemnized between us: John Henry Frith; Mary Elizabeth Kirby, her ✕ mark — in the presence of: William Potter; Ann Potter, her ✕ mark.

— Marriage register — St Mary's, Lowgate (1867)
The record image is with the family — family sign-in
Read at the image record Evidence
Confirmed against the original record, read at the image:
  • Marriage register — St Mary's, Lowgate (1867) — St Mary's, Hull, marriage register — East Riding Archives PE 185/21, page 105, entry 209; image read online (findmypast Yorkshire Marriages). He signed again; Mary Elizabeth made her mark. Mum's transcript read the first witness as "William Mother (?)" — the register's hand is William Potter, with Ann Potter's mark beside him. read at the image
1869

A shilling fine — the Hull Packet

1869

John H Frith, charged with being drunk and disorderly on Sunday morning, was fined 1s and costs.— Hull Police Courts — the Hull Packet (1869)
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research, cited — not yet re-verified at the image:
  • Hull Police Courts — the Hull Packet (1869) — Hull Packet, 1 January 1869, as Janet transcribed it — kept, as she kept everything, without varnish. Not yet re-checked against the digitised page. from Mum’s research
1871

23 Dagger Lane — the second family

1871

Living in the parish of Holy Trinity, Hull, indexed as Firth Henry Frith, Head, born 1833 Gt. Grimsby Elizabeth Frith, Wife, born 1842, Hull Martha Frith*, Daughter, born 1858, Hull Hannah Frith, Daughter, born 1865, Hull Address: 23 Dagger Lane, Hull Occupation of Henry Frith: Bricklayer Martha Frith* was the daughter of Elizabeth Kirby 1861c: Living in Duke Street Elizabeth Kirby, aged 19, Unmarried, born Hull, Unfortunate Martha Kirby, aged 3, Daughter, born Hull

— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1879

Mary Elizabeth dies at thirty-six

1879

Death of Mary Elizabeth Frith aged 36 years Memorial Inscription Hedon Road Cemetery In loving remembrance of Jane Smiter died 4th

June 1878 aged 59 years. Also James Smiter, husband of the above who died

July 13th 1884 aged 73 years. Also of Mary Elizabeth Frith died

November 7th 1879 aged 36 years PRO 1879

November 9th Mary Elizabeth Frith wife of John H. Frith Bricklayer Wharren Road, Adelaide Street, 37, Bronchitis, Informant Martha Smiter NB Thomas J. Smiter married Martha Kirby in 1878. Martha was the daughter of Mary Elizabeth Frith formerly Kirby

— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1891

Possibly the lodger at 18 Weal Street

1891

Possible Henry Frith, aged 60 born 1831, Hull, lodger at 18 Weal Street, Hull— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1892

The workhouse on Anlaby Road

1892

John Henry Frith dies in Hull aged 58 years at the Hull Workhouse, Anlaby Road, Hull— From Janet Brock’s research
Mum’s record Evidence
From Janet Brock’s research notebook.
1892

The workhouse — and the long death of the Poor Law

Three times in this family's records the Poor Law's walls close around someone: Sarah Drewery, a labourer's widow on the Drewery side, in the Spalding Union workhouse in 1841; Maria Oates, a Hull sailmaker's widow — the Oates side, whose granddaughter Mary Elizabeth married into the Richmond keel family — a "pauper inmate" of the Sculcoates Union workhouse in 1871, who never left it: she died there, and was buried from the Workhouse in January 1875; and John Henry Frith in Hull's Anlaby Road workhouse, two decades after that. The institution both met was made by the New Poor Law of 1834. The old parish relief — bread, coal, a few shillings paid to the poor in their own homes, under a system as old as Queen Elizabeth — was swept away, the parishes grouped into Unions, and each Union set to build a workhouse run on the principle of "less eligibility": life inside was made deliberately bleaker than the meanest labourer's life outside, so that no one would ask for help who could possibly do without it. Families were separated at the door — husbands from wives, mothers from children — the able-bodied were set to task-work, and the scandal at Andover in the 1840s, where paupers crushing old bones for fertiliser fought over the marrow, showed the country what "deterrence" could come to mean. Yet by the century's end the workhouse was quietly becoming something else: its infirmary was the only hospital the poor possessed, and most of those inside were not the idle of the pamphlets but the old, the sick and the alone. The unwinding then came within one lifetime. Old-age pensions, from 1908, began to empty the wards of the aged; the boards of guardians were abolished in 1929; and in 1948 the National Assistance Act opened with a sentence three centuries in the making — "the existing poor law shall cease to have effect" — as the new National Health Service took over the infirmaries themselves. The ground where Hull's workhouse stood carries Hull Royal Infirmary today. Joan Frith, whose grandfather died under the Poor Law, lived more than fifty years into the world that abolished it.

Historical context Evidence
Background composed for this site from published history. It frames the family’s world; it is not one of Mum’s records.
1892

Died

5 July 1892 at Hull

John Henry Frith — death registered in the July–September quarter of 1892, Hull district, aged 58.— Death registration (Q3 1892)
No. 16645 — compartment 186, grave 75 — died July 5th, buried July 10th [1892] — John Henry Frith, 58 years, bricklayer — Anlaby Road Union, 53 Beecroft Street — bronchitis — [informant] Samuel David Frith, 14 Chapel Lane, Lowgate — E. F. Jackson, St Matthew's.— Burial register — Borough Cemetery, Hedon Road (1892)
The record image is with the family — family sign-in
Read at the image record Evidence
Confirmed against the original record, read at the image:
  • Death registration (Q3 1892) — England & Wales civil death index — the only John Henry Frith in Yorkshire that year; July–September quarter 1892, Hull district, aged 58, matching Mum's 5 July. The place — the workhouse on Anlaby Road — is her record. A workhouse death in 1892 need not mean a workhouse life: its infirmary was by then the de facto hospital of Hull's poor. The admission registers (Hull History Centre) would tell his last months — see the research note. index entry — original not yet seen
  • Burial register — Borough Cemetery, Hedon Road (1892) — Hull Borough Cemetery (Hedon Road) burial register, page 111, entry 16645 — read in FamilySearch's 'Hull. Burial Registers 1890–1904' (image 120 of 828) on 3 July 2026; the image is held in the family archive. FamilySearch's standardised place says 'Spion Kop Cemetery, Hartlepool' — a cataloguing error; the register itself is headed 'Register book of burials in the Borough Cemetery, Hedon Road'. The grave is compartment 186, grave 75. read at the image

Our research

The bricklayer's edges

Open research · Grimsby, Hull & the workhouse

  • His baptism register. Mum's date — 25 March 1834, St James', Grimsby — sits just past the edge of the online index (his siblings' entries of 1826 and 1829 are indexed; his is not), and FamilySearch's search service was down when we tried the cross-check. To do: re-run the FamilySearch check; the register itself is at North East Lincolnshire Archives.
  • The workhouse months. He died in the Hull workhouse on Anlaby Road — by the 1890s its infirmary was, in practice, the hospital of the poor, so the death alone does not say how long he was inside. The admission and death registers at Hull History Centre would give his last months, and what he gave as his trade and next of kin. To do.
  • Mary Elizabeth Kirby deserves her own reading. Mum found her in the 1861 census — nineteen, unmarried, baby Martha beside her, the enumerator's word "Unfortunate" in the occupation column — and the 1871 census shows Martha raised as a Frith. The original 1861 schedule should be read and kept, and her story weighed for a page of her own. To do. A wrinkle to explore with her: an Elizabeth Green Kirby witnessed John Henry's FIRST wedding in 1854 — thirteen years before he married a Kirby of Duke Street. Kin, coincidence, or the same circle of streets?
  • Martha herself married Thomas J. Smiter in 1878 and stood informant at her mother's death a year later; Mary Elizabeth lies under the Smiter stone at Hedon Road Cemetery — the burial records would fix the plot. And a second Martha Frith, born about 1868 — the "servant" in Samuel's 1891 household whom Mum queried as a step-sister — fits a daughter born to John Henry and Mary Elizabeth in their first year; her birth registration would settle it. To do.
  • The Hull Packet item (1 January 1869, the shilling fine) is Mum's transcription, not yet re-checked against the digitised page. To do (quick).
  • James Frith (baptised 1855, died 1888 by Mum's note) — Samuel's elder brother — is unbuilt; the 1888 death registration would anchor him.
  • Behind John Henry stand David Frith (1809–1847) and Jane Swaine — the next pages — and the index already confirms David's own 1809 baptism at St James', Grimsby, son of William and Mary Frith: the top of the line is in sight.